The Iran war turns out to be both harder and more necessary than Americans expected
Iran doves in past U.S. administrations hoped that a mix of conciliation and deterrence would allow America to coexist with Iran. Those hopes reflected confidence that Iran’s sophisticated civil society would ultimately either overthrow the Islamic Republic or drive its evolution in a more moderate direction. Iran hawks united around two ideas. The first was that the commitment of Tehran’s rulers to dominate the Gulf made long-term coexistence between Washington and the mullahs impossible. The hawks’ second point was that the security of the Gulf remains a vital American interest. We may not need its oil and gas ourselves, but between the consequences to the American economy and financial markets of an interruption in supply to key economic partners and allies and the importance of certain non-oil imports from the region (like fertilizer), the U.S. needs to keep the Gulf open. Currently, Iran’s ability, at least temporarily, to close the Gulf and inflict ma...