Global financial markets are a complex system

We don’t fully understand the vast web of connections inside it. But we know the sandpile collapses every so often and it’s never fun. Our efforts to prevent these collapses simply let the pile grow larger, making the inevitable breakdowns even more damaging. There’s no way around this. All we can do is prepare for it. I have tried in these letters to explain how trade deficits work in a way anyone can understand. It’s actually quite difficult, mainly because a proper description requires more space than I have. My friend Lyn Alden’s latest newsletter is the best layman’s explanation I’ve seen. It is about 20 pages, and I highly recommend you read it—even if you think you already know how it all works. I promise you’ll learn something. https://www.lynalden.com/may-2025-newsletter/ Sometimes when I describe this trade structure, people ask me why the world needs an ever-growing number of dollars. Can’t it make due with the number of dollars it already has? In a fiat cur...